Page 6 - Family Help
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Understanding oesophageal (gullet) cancer
people. There are two main types: squamous cell carcinoma and
adenocarcinoma. The causes of oesophageal cancer are not always known, but
it would appear to be more common in people who have long-standing acid reflux
(backflow of stomach acid into the oesophagus). Damage to the oesophagus
caused by acid reflux is known as Barrett’s oesophagus. On occasion, patients
undergo this surgery for non-cancerous conditions.
Barrett’s oesophagus is a condition whereby abnormal cells develop in the lining
of the lower end of the oesophagus. It is not a cancer, however, over an extended
period of time a small number of people with this condition (around 1 in 100
patients with Barretts) may develop a cancer of the oesophagus.
Squamous cell carcinoma is more common among smokers and people who drink
a lot of alcohol (especially spirits) or have a poor diet.
In most people, cancer of the oesophagus is not caused by an inherited faulty
gene and so other members of your family are not likely to be at risk of developing
it. However, a very small number of people, who have a rare inherited skin
condition known as tylosis, may develop oesophageal cancer.
Symptoms
Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is a common symptom of oesophageal cancer.
Usually, there is a feeling that food is sticking on its way down to the stomach,
although liquids may be swallowed easily at first. There may also be some weight
loss, and possibly some pain or discomfort behind the breastbone or in the back.
There may be indigestion or a cough. These symptoms can be caused by many
things other than cancer, but you should always tell your doctor, particularly if they
persist beyond a couple of weeks.
Breathing before your operation
If you are a smoker, it is vital to stop smoking as soon as possible. Help is
available from your GP and most pharmacies. We also signpost individuals
looking to stop smoking to the National Smoking Helpline: Tel: 0300 123 1044
www.nhs.uk/smokefree
Prior to your surgery a Surgical Specialist Physiotherapist will teach you how to
use an inspiratory muscle training device; this device will help build up the
strength in your breathing muscles so that they are fitter and more able to cope
with your operation. Your fitness levels will also be assessed and advice around
exercise before your surgery will be provided by the Physiotherapist. Current pre-
operative service is awaiting confirmation of ongoing funding - March 2020.
Nutrition before your operation
It is very important to remain well-nourished before your operation. You may be
advised to choose high calorie and high protein foods, fortify foods to add extra
calories and protein and/or modify food textures. You will be guided by your
Specialist UGI Dietitian on a one to one basis when you attend clinic, and you
may be offered nutritional supplement drinks in the outpatients clinic or by your
GP. If swallowing becomes increasingly difficult, you may require a feeding tube
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